Tarihin gwangwani na aluminum
Gwangwanin marufi na giya da abin sha na ƙarfe suna da tarihin fiye da shekaru 70. A farkon shekarun 1930, Amurka ta fara samar da gwangwanin ƙarfe na giya. Wannan gwangwani mai sassa uku an yi shi ne da farantin tin. Sashen saman tankin yana da siffar mazugi, kuma ɓangaren sama yana da murfin gwangwani mai siffar kambi. Kallonsa gabaɗaya bai bambanta da na kwalaben gilashi ba, don haka ana amfani da layin cika kwalban gilashi don cikawa a farkon. Sai a shekarun 1950 ne aka sami layin cikawa na musamman. Murfin gwangwanin ya rikide zuwa siffa mai faɗi a tsakiyar shekarun 1950 kuma an inganta shi zuwa murfin zoben aluminum a shekarun 1960.
An fara amfani da gwangwanin abin sha na aluminum a farkon shekarun 1950, kuma gwangwanin DWI guda biyu sun fito a hukumance a farkon shekarun 1960. Ci gaban gwangwanin aluminum yana da sauri sosai. Zuwa ƙarshen wannan ƙarni, yawan amfani da shi a kowace shekara ya kai sama da biliyan 180, wanda shine mafi girman rukuni a cikin jimlar gwangwanin ƙarfe na duniya (kimanin biliyan 400). Yawan amfani da aluminum da ake amfani da shi wajen kera gwangwanin aluminum shi ma yana ƙaruwa cikin sauri. A shekarar 1963, ya kusa kai sifili. A shekarar 1997, ya kai tan miliyan 3.6, wanda yayi daidai da kashi 15% na yawan amfani da kayan aluminum daban-daban a duniya.
An ci gaba da inganta fasahar kera gwangwanin aluminum.
Shekaru da dama, fasahar kera gwangwanin aluminum ta ci gaba da inganta. Nauyin gwangwanin aluminum ya ragu sosai. A farkon shekarun 1960, nauyin kowanne gwangwanin aluminum dubu (gami da jikin gwangwani da murfi) ya kai fam 55 (kimanin kilogiram 25), kuma a tsakiyar shekarun 1970 ya ragu zuwa kilogiram 44.8 (kilogiram 25). ), an rage shi zuwa fam 33 (kilogiram 15) a ƙarshen shekarun 1990, kuma yanzu an rage shi zuwa ƙasa da fam 30, wanda kusan rabin wannan shekaru 40 da suka gabata ne. A cikin shekaru 20 daga 1975 zuwa 1995, adadin gwangwanin aluminum (oza 12 a cikin ƙarfin) da aka yi da fam 1 na aluminum ya ƙaru da kashi 35%. Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga ƙididdigar kamfanin ALCOA na Amurka, an rage kayan aluminum da ake buƙata ga kowace gwangwanin aluminum dubu daga fam 25.8 a shekarar 1988 zuwa fam 22.5 a shekarar 1998 sannan aka rage zuwa fam 22.3 a shekarar 2000. Kamfanonin yin gwangwani na Amurka sun ci gaba da samun ci gaba a fannin injinan rufewa da sauran fasahohi, don haka kauri na gwangwanin aluminum a Amurka ya ragu sosai, daga 0.343 mm a shekarar 1984 zuwa 0.285 mm a shekarar 1992 da kuma 0.259 mm a shekarar 1998.
Ci gaba mai sauƙi a cikin murfin gwangwani na aluminum ma a bayyane yake. Kauri na murfin gwangwani na aluminum ya faɗi daga 039 mm a farkon shekarun 1960 zuwa 0.36 mm a shekarun 1970, daga 0.28 mm zuwa 0.30 mm a shekarar 1980, kuma zuwa 0.24 mm a tsakiyar shekarun 1980. An kuma rage diamita na murfin gwangwani. Nauyin murfin gwangwani ya ci gaba da raguwa. A shekarar 1974, nauyin gwangwani na aluminum dubu ɗaya shine fam 13, a shekarar 1980 an rage shi zuwa fam 12, a shekarar 1984 an rage shi zuwa fam 11, a shekarar 1986 an rage shi zuwa fam 10, kuma a shekarar 1990 da 1992 an rage shi zuwa fam 9 da fam 9 bi da bi. Fam 8, an rage shi zuwa fam 6.6 a shekarar 2002. An inganta saurin yin gwangwani sosai, daga 650-1000cpm (a minti daya kawai) a shekarun 1970 zuwa 1000-1750cpm a shekarun 1980 kuma yanzu fiye da 2000cpm.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-28-2021